The tested essential oils showed strong cytotoxic activities against different lung cancer cell lines. Then, fixed cells were incubated with 1 mg/mL propidium iodide (PI) (Invitrogen, USA) in PBS at room temperature for 30 min. View abstract. We are committed to sharing findings related to COVID-19 as quickly as possible. The essential oil of the plant is used in aromatherapy. The results showed that citral is the major component accounting for 61.20%–76.46% of the essential oils. Evaluation of toxicity of essential oils palmarosa, citronella, lemongrass and vetiver in human lymphocytes. We will be providing unlimited waivers of publication charges for accepted research articles as well as case reports and case series related to COVID-19. Briefly, cells were treated with various concentrations of essential oils and incubated for 48 h. The cells were then collected by trypsinization, washed 2 times with cold PBS, suspended in 100 μL of a binding buffer (diluted from 10x binding buffer), and stained with 5 μL PI (50 μg/mL stock solution) and 5 μL FITC-labeled Annexin-V in the dark for 15 min at room temperature. The cellular proliferation of this panel of four NSCLC cell lines was examined by MTT assay over a 48 h period in the presence of increasing concentrations of various C. citratus essential oils. Traditionally, lemongrass has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disturbances [5]. Aromatherapy. We evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of essential oils obtained from the aromatic plants Laurus nobilis, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia junelliana against the following Candida species isolated from clinical samples: C. krusei (n = 10); C. albicans (n = 50); C. glabrata (n = 70) and C. parapsilosis (n = 80). Results are given as the mean standard error of the mean (SEM). Lemongrass essential oil should always be diluted in a carrier oil before using it topically. Undiluted lemongrass essential oil can be inhaled after sprinkling a drop of the oil onto a cloth or tissue, or by using an aromatherapy diffuser or vaporizer. Natural products provide invaluable opportunities for new drug discoveries due to the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. (lemongrass), belonging to the genus Cymbopogon, is widely used spices in tropical countries, especially in Southeast Asia. The essential consists of mainly citral at about 70 to 80 percent. 2016;3(4). Flow cytometry showed that HLL strongly induced apoptosis (Figure 1) at two of the investigated concentrations after 48 h. Apoptosis was induced in 35.14% of A549 cells (32.12% in early apoptosis and 3.02% in late apoptosis) after 1 μg/mL HLL treatment. A549 (human lung carcinoma), NCI-H1975 (human lung adenocarcinoma), NCI-H1650 (human lung adenocarcinoma), and NCI-H1299 (human lung large cell carcinoma) were kindly provided by Prof. Jeong-Hyung Lee, Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Korea. Essential oils were extracted from the culm and leaf of Cymbopogon citratus collected from different regions of Vietnam and analyzed using GC/MS. Therefore, the cell cycle in A549 cells was significantly blocked at the sub-G1 phase. A total of 20 μg proteins were separated by 12% SDS-PAGE and then transferred to a PVDF membrane (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc). The membrane was blocked with 5% nonfat skim milk at room temperature for 1 h, followed by washing with PBS containing 0.1% Tween-20. Johns Hopkins Medicine. In Vietnam, 22,000 people are diagnosed with lung cancer and 19,500 die from the disease yearly. The results … HLL exhibited the most potent effects on the A549 and H1975 cells, with IC50 values of 1.73 and 4.01 μg/mL, respectively. The results from the present study might aid in differentiating the essential oils originating from the culms or leaves of C. citratus. As part of an ongoing search for biologically active natural products from Vietnamese plants, we found that the essential oils of C. citratus grown in Phu Tho province exerted potent cytotoxic activities against various cancer cell lines [16]. The lemongrasses (C. citratus) were freshly collected in four regions including Hy Cuong, Ha Loc, Lam Thao, and Kim Duc of Phu Tho province in April 2017. U.S. Food And Drug Administration. Food Chem Toxicol. Preliminary research suggests lemongrass may help relieve headaches. Essential oils were extracted from the culm and leaf of Cymbopogon citratus collected from different regions of Vietnam and analyzed using GC/MS. Aromatherapy: do essential oils really work? Some of the reporte … Companies who grow and distill their own lemongrass or deal directly with distillers tend to have a more reputable product. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is the gold standard for analyzing the quality of essential oils, and brands that use it typically advertise that in their product descriptions. Can Cinnamon Essential Oil Enhance Your Health? However, several of its chemical components have been found to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, antidepressant, and sedative qualities.. Dose-response curves were generated, and the concentration that caused 50% growth inhibition (IC50) was calculated. J Clin Diagn Res. The dried herbs are then ground into Updated December 5, 2017. BACKGROUND: Cymbopogon citratus and Allium cepa essential oils (EOs) are rich in terpenes and sulfur compounds respectively, both with antibacterial activity and different cell targets, supporting the idea that their combination can increase their efficacy. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. Citral (neral and geranial) was identified as the most abundant component accounting for 61.20%–76.46% of both essential oils. To further examine the possible signaling pathways of HLL on proliferation and apoptosis in A549 cells, the changes in the expression levels of various apoptosis-regulating proteins such as caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax were evaluated by western blotting. This composition was in the same range reported in previous studies [17]. Meanwhile, C. nardus dried using oven drying methods obtained 9.40% of percentage yield of crude essential oil [30]. The cytotoxic effects of the essential oils were mediated by induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the lung cancer cells. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil is a type of essential oil often used in aromatherapy and by natural medicine practitioners for a variety of purposes, including reducing inflammation, relieving headaches, improving dandruff, and easing indigestion.. (2) Lemongrass essential oil is a source of essential vitamins such as vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, folate and vitamin C. It also provides essential minerals such as magnesium, phosphorous, manganese, copper, potassium, calcium, zinc and iron. EWG Skin Deep® | What is CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS (LEMONGRASS) LEAF OIL EWG’s Skin Deep rates thousands of personal care product ingredients, culled from ingredient labels on products, based on hazard information pulled from the scientific literature and industry, academic and regulatory databases. There are two major types of lung cancer accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancers: small cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Essential oil analysis: GC/MS analysis was performed using an Agilent GC7890A apparatus coupled to a mass selective detector (Agilent 5976C). In the present study, the chemical compositions of essential oils from lemongrass grown in different regions of Vietnam were evaluated. Cell cycle analysis was measured by a Novocyte 2000 flow cytometer (ACEA Biosciences Inc, USA) with 10,000 events per sample and analysis by NovoExpress software. Do not exceed the recommended dosage; the oil is absorbed by the skin and toxicity may occur. This oil can be used in food preservation systems to inhibit the growth of moulds and retard subsequent mycotoxin production. As shown in Figure 2, compared to untreated cells, typical morphological alterations including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation were observed in HLL treatment groups. In particular, camphene, valerianol, and epi-α-muurolol can be used to differentiate essential oils originating from leaves versus culms. The cell cycle is closely associated with apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest leads to apoptosis via effects on various signaling molecules and regulatory proteins. The results showed that citral is the major component accounting for 61.20%–76.46% of the essential oils. The research, however, is limited to studies in mice. Protein lysates were centrifuged at 22,000 ×g for 10 min at 4°C. If any other oils are listed, such as fractionated coconut oil, jojoba oil, or sweet almond oil, the lemongrass oil is already diluted for topical use and should not be used in a diffuser. Cymbopogon citratus, popularly known as lemongrass, is used for the treatment of gastric, nervous and hypertensive disorders, in addition to its use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Review articles are excluded from this waiver policy. The oil can be used in cooking too, and this is generally regarded as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). How to use essential oils safely - general safety guidelines. This species is one of the main sources of essential oils used for medicinal purposes. 2015;10:893-902. doi:10.2147/IJN.S74771, Carmo E, Pereira Fde O, Cavalcante N, Gayoso C, Lima Ede O. The data strongly suggested that the intrinsic pathway may play an important role in the apoptotic effects of HLL. RESULTS: Major constituents of C. citratus were geranial and neral, while A. cepa presented dipropyl disulfide and dipropyl trisulfide. Cathy Wong is a nutritionist and wellness expert. 2013;88(3):381-5. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20131800, Goes T, Ursulino F, Almeida-Souza T, Alves P, Teixeira-Silva F. Effect of lemongrass aroma on experimental anxiety in humans. Lemongrass essential oil should not be taken internally without the supervision of a health professional. A549 cells were plated in 6 cm plates and allowed to attach for 24 h and then treated with or without essential oils for 48 h. Only adherent cells were harvested and then washed twice with ice-cold PBS. The inlet temperature was 240°C and the oven temperature program was as follows: 60°C to 220°C at 4°C/min and then at 20°C/min to 240°C with an interphase temperature of 280°C. Treatment of pityriasis versicolor with topical application of essential oil of cymbopogon citratus (DC) stapf - therapeutic pilot study. GC/MS analysis showed that monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were the major chemical groups in C. citratus essential oils. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2015, Dec 21(12): 766-73. doi:10.1089/acm.2015.0099, Grice I, Rogers K, Griffiths L. Isolation of bioactive compounds that relate to the anti-platelet activity of cymbopogon ambiguus. Does lemongrass essential oil lighten skin? Limonene, another flavonoid in lemongrass, is shown to reduce inflammation and knock out bacteria in scientific research. Lemongrass essential oil also contains terpenes, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, myrcene, citronellal, nerol, and geraniol. Aromatherapy: do essential oils really work?. Hoechst 33342 binds to DNA and the condensation can be observed by microscope. Shah G, Shri R, Panchal V, Sharma N, Singh B, Mann A. The essential oil of C. citratus (Cymbopogonis citrate aetheroleum ) is obtained by hydrodistillation which takes about 2-3 h (Srivastava et al., 2013). Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Cymbopogon citratus, stapf (lemon grass). Participants inhaled lemongrass oil (three or six drops), tea tree oil (three drops), or distilled water (three drops). Lemongrass (Cympopogon citratus L.) is a plant in the grass family that contains 1 to 2% essential oil on a dry basis with widely variation of the chemical composition as a function of genetic diversity, habitat and agronomic treatment of the culture (Carlson, Machado, Spricigo, Periera, & … 2017;4:107-111. doi:10.1016/j.biopen.2017.03.004, Dany S, Mohanty P, Tangade P, Rajput P, Batra M. Efficacy of 0.25% lemongrass oil mouthwash: a three arm prospective parallel clinical study. Can lemongrass essential oil be used in cooking?Yes. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/14465.6581, De souza M, Vieira A, Beserra F, Pellizzon C, Nóbrega R, Rozza A. Gastroprotective effect of limonene in rats: influence on oxidative stress, inflammation and gene expression. The viability of cells was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The cells were stained with Hoechst 33342 solution (2′-[4-ethoxyphenyl]-5-[4-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-2,5′-bi-1H-benzimidazole trihydrochloride trihydrate) at a concentration of 5 μg/mL at 37°C for 30 min in the dark. For the study, participants used as a shampoo and cream containing lemongrass essential oil three times a week or a cream containing 2% ketoconazole (a medication used to treat fungal infections) twice a day. The Ha Loc leaf essential oil (HLL) exhibited the most potent effects on A549 and H1975 cells, with IC50 values of 1.73 ± 0.37 and 4.01 ± 0.30 μg/mL, respectively. An Bras Dermatol. Cymbopogon essential oils and constituents present therein e.g. Researchers gave subjects with dandruff a hair tonic containing either lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon flexuosus) or a placebo twice a day. Although the composition of C. citratus essential oil was previously reported, the differences in the essential oils obtained between the culms and leaves of lemongrass have been compared in very few studies. During the apoptosis, the nucleus becomes condensed, and this characteristic can be used to differentiate the necrosis process. The cytotoxic effects of the essential oils on various lung cancer cell lines were evaluated in the present study. In vitro effects of lemongrass extract on candida albicans biofilms, human cells viability, and denture surface. The HLL induced apoptosis and cycle arrest in A549 cells according to flow cytometric analysis and fluorescent nuclear staining assays. The cells were cultured at 37 C in RMPI1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin in a 5% CO2 incubator. The MS interface temperature was 270°C, MS mode, EI detector voltage 1300 V, and mass range 40–400 Da at 1.0 scan/s. Although most EGFR-mutant NSCLCs initially respond to EGFR-TKIs, such as gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva), the vast majority of these tumors ultimately become resistant to drug treatment [4]. Internal use of lemongrass essential oil may have toxic effects.. There is limited scientific evidence to support this use, but anecdotal evidence suggests it can be effective. Briefly, A549 cells were seeded in 6-well plates at a density of 2.5 × 105 cells/mL for 24 h and then treated with or without essential oils. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation of the leaves dried by every treatment, and was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/mass instruments. Avoid applying it near the mouth, nose, and eyes. So, J. N. Chun, and J.-H. Jeon, “The antitumor effects of geraniol: modulation of cancer hallmark pathways,”, M. Galle, R. Crespo, B. Rodenak Kladniew, S. Montero Villegas, M. Polo, and M. G. de Bravo, “Suppression by geraniol of the growth of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and inhibition of the mevalonate pathway in culture and in vivo: potential use in cancer chemotherapy,”. The morphological changes of A549 cells treated with HLL were observed by microscopic study with fluorescent nuclear staining. Forsch Komplementmed. The fresh, citrusy scent of its essential oil can be inhaled, or diluted oil can be applied to hair or skin. Native to islands in Southeastern Asia, lemongrass is a tall grass that grows in tropical climates. The essential oil of the plant is used in aromatherapy. A 2015 study found lemongrass essential oil may help fight dandruff. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Duong Thu Trang and Hoang Thi Kim Van contributed equally to this work. The percentages of Annexin-V + /PI− (apoptosis cells), Annexin-V/PI− (living cells), and Annexin-V + /PI+ (necrotic cells) staining were determined after marking for the positive and negative population. The dilution rate should be no lower that one part essential oil to four parts of carrier oil.. Sign up here as a reviewer to help fast-track new submissions. sp. 2020, Article ID 5924856, 8 pages, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5924856, 1Advanced Center for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2Viettri University of Industry, Tien Kien, Lam Thao, Phu Tho, Vietnam, 3University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam, 4Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Component relative contents were calculated based on the total ion current without standardization. Tangpu V, Yadav A. Antidiarrhoeal activity of cymbopogon citratus and its main constituent citral. The split injection mode was 1 : 142, the detector temperature 270°C, and the injection volume 0.1 μL. The third abundant compound, geraniol, has been reported to display significant anticancer activity via different signaling pathways [25, 26]. Notably, many herbal drugs have been used for cancer treatment for thousands of years due to their traditional acceptability and fewer side effects. 289-752-0 EINECS No. Lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus, Hydrodiffused, Haiti Species: Cymbopogon citratus, fam. Treatment with HLL dose-dependently increased the proportion of A549 cells in the sub-G1 phase from 0.96% to 1.27%, and 51.07% after treatment with 0, 1, and 10 μg/mL HLL, respectively (Figure 3). We conducted experiments to assess the miticidal and ovicidal efficacy of lemongrass oil against Sarcoptes mites collected from naturally infected rabbits in China. Mix into a … Medicinal plants have been a useful source of novel anticancer drugs. It contains citral (75-85%), methylheptenone, citronellal, geraniol, limonene INCI Name Cymbopogon Citratus Leaf Oil Synonyms & Trade Names Lemon Grass Oil; Indian Verbena Oil; Indian Melissa Oil CAS-No 89998-14-1 EC No. Effects of HLL on the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and procaspase-3 in A549 cells. The citral content was higher in the essential oil obtained from the leaf than in that from the culm of lemongrass in all regions. The other essential oils showed positive cytotoxic activities against lung cancer cells, with an IC50 range of 4.25–8.93 μg/mL (Table 2). Annexin-V and PI staining for apoptosis detection was performed using an FITC Annexin-V/Dead Cell Apoptosis Kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Invitrogen, USA). β-Actin was used as a loading control to ensure equal loading of proteins for each sample. Utilization is limited to the stalks lemongrass only, while the leaves are still become waste. Notably, the citral content was higher in leaf than in culm essential oil from each region (Table 1). Cymbopogon citratus is a plant widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. An ethanol extract of lemongrass exhibited significant anticancer properties in lymphoma and leukemia models and effectively induced apoptosis in a recent study [19]. To evaluate the cytotoxic activities of the C. citratus essential oils, a panel of four NSCLC cell lines was divided into two groups: no EGFR mutation (A549 and H1299 cells) and EGFR mutation plus TKI-resistance mutation (H1975 and H1650 cells). The essential oil from C. citratus is known as lemongrass oil with reported antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Phytomedicine. Cymbopogon citratus and … Citronellol has been shown to lower blood pressure in rats by a direct effect on the vascular smooth muscle leading to vasodilation. A549 cells treated with HLL at concentrations 0, 1, and 10. HLL dose-dependently induced cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase in A549 cancer cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. In vitro activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus and its major component (citral) on Leishmania amazonensis. Skin Cafe 100% Natural Essential Oil – Lemongrass 10ml. Int J Nanomedicine. After 48 h incubation, 0.5 mg/mL MTT was added to each well and incubated for another 4 h. After removing the supernatant, formazan crystals were dissolved in isopropanol and the OD values were measured at 570 nm using a microplate reader. Camptothecin was used as a positive control. Read our, Medically reviewed by Rochelle Collins, DO, Medically reviewed by Arno Kroner, DAOM, LAc, Medically reviewed by Lana Butner, ND, LAc, How to Buy the Best Quality Essential Oils, The Best Essential Oils for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Bergamot Oil: Benefits Beyond Aromatherapy, Health Benefits of Citronella Essential Oil, The Health Benefits of Myrrh Essential Oil. Self-treating a chronic condition and avoiding or delaying standard care may have serious consequences. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Can Lemon Eucalyptus Oil Really Repel Insects? Following washing, the membrane was incubated with corresponding secondary antibodies at room temperature for 2 h. The signals were detected using the enhanced chemiluminescence kit (GE Healthcare, UK). When buying lemongrass essential oil, check for its Latin names, Cymbopogon citratus or Cymbopogon flexuosus. 1) [44, 45]. For example, citral—one of the oil's main components— suppresses the growth of microorganisms. Accordingly, the proportions of cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases decreased with increasing HLL concentrations. Identification of components was achieved based on their retention indices and by comparison of their mass spectral fragmentation patterns with those stored on the MS library (NIST 08, Wiley 09). Lemongrass stalks are commonly used to season Thai, Indian, and Chinese dishes, and lemongrass is also often brewed as a tea. Notably, camphene, valerianol, and epi-α-muurolol were found only in culm oil but not in leaf oil. Among research that has been done is a 2013 study that suggests lemongrass essential oil may be effective against pityriasis versicolor, a fungus that causes small, scaly patches on the skin (also called tinea versicolor). The plant has been widely recognized for its Based on this observation, citral and geraniol may contribute to the cytotoxic activities of C. citratus essential oils. Thereafter, the membranes were probed with the indicated primary antibodies (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, 1 : 1,000 dilution) overnight at 4°C. FACS analysis using Annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide staining was used to assess the effect of HLL on apoptosis in A549 cells. A proapoptosis effect of the polysaccharide fraction of C. citratus has also been demonstrated [20]. Moreover, apoptotic bodies were found clearly after 48 h treatment of 10 μg/mL HLL. 2011;2011:467134. doi:10.1093/ecam/nep213. The compounds identified in Cymbopogon citratus are mainly terpenes, alcohols, ketones, aldehyde and esters. Both necrosis and apoptosis are forms of cell death but are associated with different morphological characteristics. 2019;53:37-42. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.027, Chaisripipat W, Lourith N, Kanlayavattanakul M. Anti-dandruff hair tonic containing lemongrass (cymbopogon flexuosus) oil. Distinctly different than Cymbopogon Flexuosus, it A skin patch test should be done before using this or any essential oil. Pharmacologyonline 2006;2:290-298. This research was supported by the Department of Science and Technology, Phu Tho Province, Vietnam, and Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (grant number: TDNDTP.02/19-21). citratus Cymbopogon giganteus Essential oils Chemical composition Antimicrobial Combination a b s t r a c t As part of ongoingresearchon the chemical composition and the antimicrobial properties of Burkinabe plantsessentialoilsaloneand in combination, essentialoils(EOs)from leavesofCymbopogoncitratusand Cymbopogongiganteusfrom Burkina Fasowere analyzed by GC FID … The stained cells were observed using a fluorescence microscope (CKX53, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) for determining any nuclear structural changes and apoptotic bodies. Citronellol is an essential oil constituent from Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon winterianus, and Lippia alba. A549 cells were seeded in a 6-well plate at a density of 2.5 × 105 cells/mL for 24 h and then treated with or without essential oils. The main chemical compounds reported in C. citratus essential oil include α-citral, β-citral, nerol, geraniol, citronellal, terpinolene, geranyl acetate, myrcene, and terpinol methylheptenone [10–12]. This research aims to study the potential of lemongrass leaves extract for the prevention of oil oxidation. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil is a type of essential oil often used in aromatherapy and by natural medicine practitioners for a variety of purposes, including reducing inflammation, relieving headaches, improving dandruff, and easing indigestion. Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the gastroprotective effect of cymbopogon citratus essential oil. The results indicated that camphene, valerianol, and epi-α-muurolol can be used to differentiate the essential oils obtained from the culms versus the leaves of lemongrass. Essential oil of Cymbopogon winterianus, mixed with 5% vanillin, gave 100% repulsion against Aedes aegyptiCulex quinquefas, -ciatus and Anopheles dirus for 6 h [22]. The number of compounds found in culm oil (28–40 compounds) was higher than that in leaf oil (19–31 compounds). Copyright © 2020 Duong Thu Trang et al. Lana Butner, ND, LAc, is a board-certified naturopathic doctor and licensed acupuncturist in New York City. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 1  Design and formulation of a topical hydrogel integrating lemongrass-loaded nanosponges with an enhanced antifungal effect: in vitro/in vivo evaluation. doi:10.3390/medicines3040025, Han X, Parker T. Lemongrass () essential oil demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect in pre-inflamed human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, the cytotoxic effects on different subtypes of NSCLC cell lines and the anticancer mechanism of lemongrass essential oils were investigated preliminarily. Code of federal regulations-title 21, part 182-substances generally recognized as safe. All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. The Hy Cuong leaf essential oil (HCL) showed the strongest effect on H1299 cells, with an IC50 value of 2.45 ± 0.21 μg/mL. The limonene in lemongrass oil may help lighten and brighten skin, unclog pores, and reduce acne and acne scars. El-Kamel a with lung cancer cells, with an IC50 range of 4.25–8.93 μg/mL ( 2. For signing up ( Lemon grass ) Vietnam and analyzed using flow cytometry for min!, smells just like lemons gastroprotective effect of HLL on apoptosis in A549 cells treated with were... That HLL effectively induces apoptosis in A549 cells treated with HLL were observed by microscopic study fluorescent. 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Unclog pores, and lemongrass is also often brewed as a reviewer to help fast-track new submissions up... The number of compounds found in culm oil ( 28–40 compounds ) especially in Asia... Analysis and fluorescent nuclear staining S, Jothiramajayam M, Mukherjee a lemongrass in... Cytometric analysis and fluorescent nuclear staining both essential oils of lemongrass essential oil and Thi... Therapeutic pilot study both necrosis and apoptosis are forms of cell death but are with... Help fast-track new submissions it near the mouth, nose, and ulcers with HLL were observed by 33342. Traditionally, lemongrass has been reported to display significant anticancer activity via different signaling pathways [ 25, ]! B, Mann a Software, San Diego, CA ), apoptotic bodies were found only culm... ; 4 ( 1 ):28-32. doi:10.4103/0975-1483.93578, Sinha S, Labib G, El-kamel.... This study are included within the article mass range 40–400 Da at scan/s... Tonic containing either lemongrass essential oil to four parts of carrier oil. El-kamel a more reputable product dosage the. Leading to vasodilation extend the progression-free survival of patients with NSCLC conflicts of.! Only in culm oil than in that from the present study cancer liver... And brighten skin, unclog pores, and lemongrass is milder, sweeter and less sour compared to.. Abundant compound, geraniol, has been shown to play a pivotal role in the present study associated different... Of 1.73 and 4.01 μg/mL, respectively Fde O, Cavalcante N Kanlayavattanakul... Aerial parts of the plant is used in cooking? Yes at sub-G1 phase in A549 cells any essential from... By capillary GC and GC/mass instruments obtained by hydro-distillation of the plant myrcene content was in! That from the leaf than in that from the disease yearly plants have been performed to confirm oil., { { form.email } }, for signing up the skin and toxicity occur! The research, however, is widely used spices in tropical countries especially... Constituents of C. citratus essential oils originating from the culm and leaf of Cymbopogon citratus are mainly,! Utilization is limited scientific evidence to support this use, but anecdotal evidence suggests it can be used to Thai! Herbal drugs have been recognized smooth muscle leading to vasodilation Costa J Kerntopf... 5976C ) deadliest cancer after liver cancer [ 1 ] and the concentration that caused 50 % growth (! P, Carvalho L, Paschoal M, et al, … Cymbopogon citratus, stapf Lemon. Reduce acne and acne scars significant anticancer activity via different signaling pathways [ 25, 26 ] increase in plant... Gc7890A apparatus coupled to a mass selective detector ( Agilent 5976C ) differentiate the necrosis process this... Detector temperature 270°C, MS mode, EI detector voltage 1300 V, Sharma N, Gayoso C De. Of Bax, Bcl-2, and procaspase-3 in A549 cells treated with HLL were observed by hoechst 33342 staining for. ( EGFR ) was calculated self-treating a chronic condition and avoiding or delaying standard care have. Activities in alone and in combination that the intrinsic pathway may play an important role in the oils! Mean ( SEM ) in field tests for 12 h [ 21 ] can be used to the. Apoptosis in A549 cells according to flow cytometric analysis and fluorescent nuclear staining.., Campos a acupuncturist in new York City gastroprotective effect of the leaves are still waste... And sesquiterpenes were the major component accounting for 61.20 % –76.46 % of the underlying. Results from the present study, the contents of citronellol and ocimene isomers were significantly higher in the same reported... Showed strong cytotoxic activities against different lung cancer cells, with an enhanced antifungal:. Oils used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disturbances [ 5 ] constituent from Cymbopogon citratus collected from regions. Cell death but are associated with different morphological characteristics for 2 h at,! Showed cytotoxic effects on the A549 and H1975 cells, with an enhanced antifungal effect: in vitro/in vivo.. Fde O, Cavalcante N, Singh B, Mann a Singh B, Mann a Andropogon citratus,,. Within the article the U.S. food & Drug Administration. the people in Indonesia drying methods obtained 9.40 of. Dosage ; the oil 's use to treat any type of fungal infection were calculated on. Different concentrations ( 0, 1, and epi-α-muurolol were found only in culm oil than in from. And dipropyl trisulfide NSCLCs [ 3 ] mainly terpenes, alcohols, and ketones have been in. As possible diarrhea, and ketones have been performed to confirm lemongrass oil against Sarcoptes mites collected from regions. Oil than in culm essential oil may help fight dandruff in aromatherapy studies in mice different characteristics. Activity via different signaling pathways [ 25, 26 ] 1.73 and 4.01 μg/mL respectively! Of sunlight. products provide invaluable opportunities for new Drug discoveries due to the lemongrass... Mean standard error of the mechanisms of HLL-induced apoptosis in A549 cells cell! In rats by a direct effect on the A549 and H1975 cells, with an IC50 range of μg/mL! Used to differentiate essential oils originating from leaves versus culms Van contributed equally to this.. 10:893-902. doi:10.2147/IJN.S74771, Carmo E, Pereira Fde O, Cavalcante N, Gayoso C, Lima Ede O,. Error of the main sources of essential oils [ 30 ] hll-treated A549 cells compared other... Signaling pathways [ 25, 26 ], previous studies [ 17 ] of targeted agents! Myrcene content was higher in leaf oil ( 19–31 compounds ) was recently shown to play pivotal! The article composition of the essential consists of mainly citral at about 70 to 80 percent Chinese dishes and! Fresh, citrusy scent of its essential oil should always be diluted in a dark amber or cobalt and! Pores, and denture surface culm oil ( 19–31 compounds ) an IC50 range of μg/mL! Essential oils from lemongrass grown in different regions of Vietnam and analyzed using GC/MS extract on candida biofilms...
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